US has already accepted UNCLOS arbitration in two previous agreements but the Advice and Consent resolution serves to further qualify application

The United States is not today unalterably opposed to the dispute settlement provisions of the Convention. Indeed, it has already accepted them, since it has ratified the 1995 Fish Stocks Agreement and the 2000 Convention on Central and Western Pacific Fisheries, both of which incorporate by reference the dispute settlement provisions of the Convention.⁵⁹ However, the Convention as a whole envisions roles for institutions and sets out rules potentially affecting a wide range of subject matters. The Resolution of Advice and Consent - especially its declarations and understandings relating to military activities - reflects an attitude of caution about U.S. participation in the Convention's third-party dispute settlement procedures. The Resolution appears to reflect some of the concerns of the unilateralists/anti-institutionalists.